{"id":346,"date":"2015-10-06T22:40:05","date_gmt":"2015-10-06T22:40:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wittenbrink.org\/research\/?page_id=346"},"modified":"2015-10-07T16:33:28","modified_gmt":"2015-10-07T16:33:28","slug":"implicit","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.wittenbrink.org\/research\/implicit\/","title":{"rendered":"Implicit Measures"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section admin_label=&#8221;Section&#8221; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; specialty=&#8221;off&#8221;][et_pb_fullwidth_header admin_label=&#8221;Title&#8221; title=&#8221;Bernd Wittenbrink&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;left&#8221; header_fullscreen=&#8221;off&#8221; header_scroll_down=&#8221;off&#8221; background_url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.wittenbrink.org\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/harperopt.jpg&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243; background_overlay_color=&#8221;rgba(34,34,73,0.75)&#8221; parallax=&#8221;on&#8221; parallax_method=&#8221;off&#8221; logo_image_url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.wittenbrink.org\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/booth.png&#8221; content_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; image_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; title_font_size=&#8221;34&#8243; subhead_font_size=&#8221;24px&#8221; custom_button_one=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_letter_spacing=&#8221;0&#8243; button_one_use_icon=&#8221;default&#8221; button_one_icon_placement=&#8221;right&#8221; button_one_on_hover=&#8221;on&#8221; button_one_letter_spacing_hover=&#8221;0&#8243; custom_button_two=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_letter_spacing=&#8221;0&#8243; button_two_use_icon=&#8221;default&#8221; button_two_icon_placement=&#8221;right&#8221; button_two_on_hover=&#8221;on&#8221; button_two_letter_spacing_hover=&#8221;0&#8243; subhead=&#8221;Implicit Measures&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section admin_label=&#8221;section&#8221; fullwidth=&#8221;off&#8221; specialty=&#8221;off&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; inner_shadow=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax=&#8221;off&#8221; transparent_background=&#8221;off&#8221; allow_player_pause=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax_method=&#8221;off&#8221; padding_mobile=&#8221;off&#8221; make_fullwidth=&#8221;off&#8221; use_custom_width=&#8221;off&#8221; width_unit=&#8221;on&#8221; make_equal=&#8221;off&#8221; use_custom_gutter=&#8221;off&#8221;][et_pb_row admin_label=&#8221;Row&#8221; make_fullwidth=&#8221;off&#8221; use_custom_width=&#8221;off&#8221; width_unit=&#8221;on&#8221; use_custom_gutter=&#8221;off&#8221; padding_mobile=&#8221;off&#8221; allow_player_pause=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax_method=&#8221;off&#8221; make_equal=&#8221;off&#8221; column_padding_mobile=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243;][et_pb_team_member admin_label=&#8221;Person&#8221; image_url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.wittenbrink.org\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/cover.jpg&#8221; animation=&#8221;fade_in&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221; border_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_team_member][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Text&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;left&#8221; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221; border_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3>Implicit Measures of Attitudes<\/h3>\n<p>Bernd Wittenbrink &amp; Norbert Schwarz (Eds.)<br \/> Guilford Press<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_blurb admin_label=&#8221;Contributors&#8221; title=&#8221;Contributors&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;off&#8221; use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;%%259%%&#8221; icon_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243; use_circle=&#8221;on&#8221; circle_color=&#8221;#a2bac9&#8243; use_circle_border=&#8221;off&#8221; circle_border_color=&#8221;#7EBEC5&#8243; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; animation=&#8221;top&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; use_icon_font_size=&#8221;off&#8221; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221; border_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; url=&#8221;#author&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb admin_label=&#8221;TOC&#8221; title=&#8221;Table of Contents&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;off&#8221; use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;%%147%%&#8221; icon_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243; use_circle=&#8221;on&#8221; circle_color=&#8221;#a2bac9&#8243; use_circle_border=&#8221;off&#8221; circle_border_color=&#8221;#7EBEC5&#8243; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; animation=&#8221;top&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; use_icon_font_size=&#8221;off&#8221; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221; border_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; url=&#8221;#toc&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb admin_label=&#8221;Review&#8221; title=&#8221;Reviews&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;off&#8221; use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;%%151%%&#8221; icon_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243; use_circle=&#8221;on&#8221; circle_color=&#8221;#a2bac9&#8243; use_circle_border=&#8221;off&#8221; circle_border_color=&#8221;#7EBEC5&#8243; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; animation=&#8221;top&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; use_icon_font_size=&#8221;off&#8221; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221; border_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; url=&#8221;#review&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb admin_label=&#8221;Buy&#8221; title=&#8221;Purchase&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;%%114%%&#8221; icon_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243; use_circle=&#8221;on&#8221; circle_color=&#8221;#a2bac9&#8243; use_circle_border=&#8221;off&#8221; circle_border_color=&#8221;#7EBEC5&#8243; icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; animation=&#8221;top&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; use_icon_font_size=&#8221;off&#8221; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221; border_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; url=&#8221;http:\/\/www.guilford.com\/cgi-bin\/cartscript.cgi?page=pr\/wittenbrink.htm&amp;sec=summary&amp;dir=&amp;cart_id=300473.30154&#8243; header_text_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row admin_label=&#8221;Row&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Text&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;left&#8221; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221; border_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; max_width=&#8221;600&#8243; text_text_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>Increasingly used in social and behavioral science research, implicit measures aim to assess attitudes that respondents may not be willing to report directly, or of which they may not even be aware. This timely book brings together leading investigators to review currently available procedures and offer practical recommendations for their implementation and interpretation. The theoretical bases of the various approaches are explored and their respective strengths and limitations are critically examined. The volume also discusses current controversies facing the field and highlights promising avenues for future research.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section admin_label=&#8221;Section&#8221; fullwidth=&#8221;off&#8221; specialty=&#8221;off&#8221; transparent_background=&#8221;off&#8221; allow_player_pause=&#8221;off&#8221; inner_shadow=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax_method=&#8221;off&#8221; padding_mobile=&#8221;off&#8221; module_id=&#8221;author&#8221; make_fullwidth=&#8221;off&#8221; use_custom_width=&#8221;off&#8221; width_unit=&#8221;on&#8221; make_equal=&#8221;off&#8221; use_custom_gutter=&#8221;off&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#c9e3e3&#8243;][et_pb_row admin_label=&#8221;Row&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;AuthorList&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;left&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221; border_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #222249;\"><strong>CONTRIBUTORS<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Mahzarin R. Banaji<\/strong>, PhD, Department of Psychology, Harvard University<\/p>\n<p><strong>John A. Bargh<\/strong>, PhD, Department of Psychology, Yale University<\/p>\n<p><strong>Galen V. Bodenhausen<\/strong>, PhD, Department of Psychology, Northwestern University<\/p>\n<p><strong>John T. Cacioppo<\/strong>, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Chicago<\/p>\n<p><strong>Frederica R. Conrey<\/strong>, PhD, Department of Psychology, Indiana University<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jan De Houwer<\/strong>, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Ghent<\/p>\n<p><strong>Melissa J. Ferguson<\/strong>, PhD, Department of Psychology, Cornell University<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bertram Gawronski<\/strong>, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anthony G. Greenwald<\/strong>, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Washington<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tiffany A. Ito<\/strong>, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kristin A. Lane<\/strong>, MS, Department of Psychology, Harvard University<\/p>\n<p><strong>Agnes Moors<\/strong>, PhD, Fund for Scientific Research<\/p>\n<p><strong>Brian A. Nosek<\/strong>, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Virginia<\/p>\n<p><strong>Andreas Olsson<\/strong>, PhD, Department of Psychology, Columbia University<\/p>\n<p><strong>Elizabeth A. Phelps<\/strong>, PhD, Department of Psychology, New York University<\/p>\n<p><strong>Klaus Rothermund<\/strong>, PhD, Department of Psychology, Universit\u00e4t Trier<\/p>\n<p><strong>Norbert Schwarz<\/strong>, DrPhil, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan<\/p>\n<p><strong>Denise Sekaquaptewa<\/strong>, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan<\/p>\n<p><strong>Eliot R. Smith<\/strong>, PhD, Department of Psychology, Indiana University<\/p>\n<p><strong>Patrick T. Vargas<\/strong>, PhD, Department of Advertising, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign<\/p>\n<p><strong>William von Hippel<\/strong>, PhD, School of Psychology, University of New South Wales<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dirk Wentura<\/strong>, PhD, Department of Psychology, Saarland University<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bernd Wittenbrink<\/strong>, PhD, Center for Decision Research, University of Chicago<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section admin_label=&#8221;Section&#8221; fullwidth=&#8221;off&#8221; specialty=&#8221;off&#8221; transparent_background=&#8221;off&#8221; allow_player_pause=&#8221;off&#8221; inner_shadow=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax_method=&#8221;off&#8221; padding_mobile=&#8221;off&#8221; module_id=&#8221;toc&#8221; make_fullwidth=&#8221;off&#8221; use_custom_width=&#8221;off&#8221; width_unit=&#8221;on&#8221; make_equal=&#8221;off&#8221; use_custom_gutter=&#8221;off&#8221;][et_pb_row admin_label=&#8221;Row&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;TOC&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;left&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221; border_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #222249;\"><strong>TABLE OF CONTENTS<\/strong><br \/> <\/span><\/h3>\n<p>1. Introduction<br \/> Bernd Wittenbrink and Norbert Schwarz<\/p>\n<p><strong>I. Procedures and Their Implementation<br \/> <\/strong><br \/> 2. Measuring Attitudes through Priming<br \/> Bernd Wittenbrink<\/p>\n<p>3. Understanding and Using the Implicit Association Test: IV: What We Know (So Far) about the Method<br \/> Kristin A. Lane, Mahzarin R. Banaji, Brian A. Nosek, and Anthony G. Greenwald<\/p>\n<p>4. Armed Only with Paper and Pencil: &#8220;Low-Tech&#8221; Measures of Implicit Attitudes<br \/> Patrick T. Vargas, Denise Sekaquaptewa, and William von Hippel<\/p>\n<p>5. Attitudes as Mental and Neural States of Readiness: Using Physiological Measures to Study Implicit Attitudes<br \/> Tiffany A. Ito and John T. Cacioppo<\/p>\n<p>6. Understanding Social Evaluations: What We Can (and Cannot) Learn from Neuroimaging<br \/> Andreas Olsson and Elizabeth A. Phelps<\/p>\n<p><strong>II. Critical Perspectives<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>7. How to Define and Examine the Implicitness of Implicit Measures<br \/> Jan De Houwer and Agnes Moors<\/p>\n<p>8. Paradigms We Live By: A Plea for More Basic Research on the Implicit Association Test<br \/> Dirk Wentura and Klaus Rothermund<\/p>\n<p>9. Beyond the Attitude Object: Implicit Attitudes Spring from Object-Centered Contexts<br \/> Melissa J. Ferguson and John A. Bargh<\/p>\n<p>10. Mental Representations Are States, Not Things: Implications for Implicit and Explicit Measurement<br \/> Eliot R. Smith and Frederica R. Conrey<\/p>\n<p>11. What Do We Know about Implicit Attitude Measures and What Do We Have to Learn?<br \/> Bertram Gawronski and Galen V. Bodenhausen<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section admin_label=&#8221;Section&#8221; fullwidth=&#8221;off&#8221; specialty=&#8221;off&#8221; transparent_background=&#8221;off&#8221; allow_player_pause=&#8221;off&#8221; inner_shadow=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax_method=&#8221;off&#8221; padding_mobile=&#8221;off&#8221; module_id=&#8221;review&#8221; make_fullwidth=&#8221;off&#8221; use_custom_width=&#8221;off&#8221; width_unit=&#8221;on&#8221; make_equal=&#8221;off&#8221; use_custom_gutter=&#8221;off&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#c9e3e3&#8243;][et_pb_row admin_label=&#8221;Row&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][et_pb_testimonial admin_label=&#8221;Testimonial&#8221; author=&#8221;Alice H. Eagly&#8221; job_title=&#8221;Professor of Psychology&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;off&#8221; quote_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; use_background_color=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#f5f5f5&#8243; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;left&#8221; quote_icon_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243; body_text_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221; border_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; company_name=&#8221;Northwestern University&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>The study of implicit attitudes is the most significant development in attitude theory and research in recent years. This timely volume features analyses by the major contributors to this important development. The chapter authors skillfully present both the promise and the uncertainties of the many implicit measures that have been proposed. This book is essential reading not only for attitude researchers, but also for all researchers who wish to understand whether they should incorporate implicit measures into their studies.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_testimonial][et_pb_testimonial admin_label=&#8221;Testimonial&#8221; author=&#8221;Charles M. Judd&#8221; job_title=&#8221;Professor of Psychology&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;off&#8221; quote_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; use_background_color=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#f5f5f5&#8243; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;left&#8221; quote_icon_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243; body_text_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221; border_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; company_name=&#8221;University of Colorado at Boulder&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>This volume presents a scholarly yet very accessible treatment of these new measures, describing them in detail and evaluating their merits. Additionally, the volume shows how these measurement advances have permitted us to address new and fundamental issues about the nature of human judgment. This is a superb, integrative treatment of a major advance in the social and behavioral sciences. I will certainly use it as a text in my social psychology graduate proseminar; it is also likely to be used in advanced undergraduate courses devoted to attitudes, judgment, and assessment.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_testimonial][et_pb_testimonial admin_label=&#8221;Testimonial&#8221; author=&#8221;Jeffrey W. Sherman&#8221; job_title=&#8221;Professor of Psychology&#8221; company_name=&#8221;University of California, Davis&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;off&#8221; quote_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; use_background_color=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#f5f5f5&#8243; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;left&#8221; quote_icon_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243; body_text_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221; border_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>This is a book for serious students and practitioners of attitudes research. It offers comprehensive coverage of the new wave of implicit measures, written by some of the top researchers in the field. The chapters provide strong theoretical grounding as well as practical information on the &#8216;how-tos&#8217; of each measure.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_testimonial][et_pb_testimonial admin_label=&#8221;Testimonial&#8221; author=&#8221;Jon A. Krosnick&#8221; job_title=&#8221;Frederic O. Glover Professor in Humanities and Social Sciences&#8221; company_name=&#8221;Stanford University&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;off&#8221; quote_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; use_background_color=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#f5f5f5&#8243; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;left&#8221; quote_icon_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243; body_text_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221; border_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>In recent years, no development in the social sciences has been more exciting than the discovery of implicit attitudes and the pursuit of their measurement&#8230; What more could a group of scientists hope for than to make such great progress, and at such a rapid rate? This wonderful book offers a terrific review of these accomplishments and identifies the challenges with which implicit attitude researchers will be grappling in the years to come.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_testimonial][et_pb_testimonial admin_label=&#8221;Testimonial&#8221; author=&#8221;Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;off&#8221; quote_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; use_background_color=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#f5f5f5&#8243; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;left&#8221; quote_icon_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243; body_text_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221; border_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Wittenbrink and Schwarz drew together a distinguished group of authors whose expertise concerns how best to examine the interrelations among attitudes, social judgements, and behaviors&#8230; Reader-researchers should consider this book a valuable resource, one that nicely characterizes current views on simple as well as complex measures of implicit attitudes.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_testimonial][et_pb_testimonial admin_label=&#8221;Testimonial&#8221; author=&#8221;APA PsycCRITIQUES&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;off&#8221; quote_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; use_background_color=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#f5f5f5&#8243; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;left&#8221; quote_icon_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243; body_text_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221; border_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Wittenbrink and Schwarz have assembled an impressive group of experts on attitude measurement&#8230; I would highly recommend this book for anyone thinking about incorporating the use of implicit attitude measures into his or her research and feel that the book would make an excellent addition to any graduate-level course on attitudes or attitude measurement.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_testimonial][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section admin_label=&#8221;Section&#8221; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; specialty=&#8221;off&#8221;][et_pb_fullwidth_header admin_label=&#8221;Copyright Footer&#8221; title=&#8221;\u00a9 Bernd Wittenbrink \u2022 University of Chicago Booth School of Business&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; header_fullscreen=&#8221;off&#8221; header_scroll_down=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_text=&#8221;email&#8221; parallax=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax_method=&#8221;off&#8221; content_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; image_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; title_font_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243; title_font_size=&#8221;12&#8243; custom_button_one=&#8221;on&#8221; button_one_text_size=&#8221;14&#8243; button_one_border_width=&#8221;1&#8243; button_one_border_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243; button_one_letter_spacing=&#8221;0&#8243; button_one_use_icon=&#8221;off&#8221; button_one_icon_placement=&#8221;right&#8221; button_one_on_hover=&#8221;on&#8221; button_one_letter_spacing_hover=&#8221;0&#8243; custom_button_two=&#8221;off&#8221; button_two_letter_spacing=&#8221;0&#8243; button_two_use_icon=&#8221;default&#8221; button_two_icon_placement=&#8221;right&#8221; button_two_on_hover=&#8221;on&#8221; button_two_letter_spacing_hover=&#8221;0&#8243; button_one_url=&#8221;mailto:bernd.wittenbrink@chicagobooth.edu&#8221; button_one_text_color=&#8221;#222249&#8243; button_one_bg_color_hover=&#8221;#eaeaea&#8221; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221; global_module=&#8221;314&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Implicit Measures of AttitudesBernd Wittenbrink &amp; Norbert Schwarz (Eds.) Guilford Press Increasingly used in social and behavioral science research, implicit measures aim to assess attitudes that respondents may not be willing to report directly, or of which they may not even be aware. This timely book brings together leading investigators to review currently available procedures [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-346","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wittenbrink.org\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/346","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wittenbrink.org\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wittenbrink.org\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wittenbrink.org\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wittenbrink.org\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=346"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.wittenbrink.org\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/346\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":364,"href":"https:\/\/www.wittenbrink.org\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/346\/revisions\/364"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wittenbrink.org\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=346"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}